Photo-assisted inactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria by silver functionalized titanate nanotubes, Ag/H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O

One-dimensional titanate nanotubes (H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O) functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited unique properties for the effective inactivation of the Gram-negative Escherichia coli within 45 minutes under irradiation using a 65 W halogen lamp. The pathway of the photo-assisted catalytic inactivation was examined by SEM and TEM using a reproducible biological protocol for sample preparations. The membrane integrity of the bacteria was damaged due to the oxidative stress caused by the reactive oxygen species, the bacteriostatic effect of the highly-dispersed-surface AgNPs (∼5 nm) and the sharp nanotube penetration that induced the cell death.