Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

30.5K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
30.5K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.5K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.5K
Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

13.9K
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
13.9K
Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

110.4K
Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...
110.4K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.8K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.8K
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

65.7K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
65.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Self-Sustained Freeze-Sublime Oscillations at a Micrometer Liquid-Vacuum Interface.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Surface tension measurements reveal charge-driven surfactant depletion in microdroplets approaching the Rayleigh limit.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Nanodiamond Sensing of the Transmetalation Kinetics of Gd-DTPA in Individual Levitated Microdroplets.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Circumstellar Origin of Chrysene (C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>12</sub>) via Self-Recombination of Resonantly-Stabilized 1-Indenyl Radicals and Implications to the Aromaticity of the Carbonaceous Asteroid Ryugu.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Rotational coherence dominates early-time dynamics and produces long-time revivals in the S2 state of azulene.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Structural motifs of gold cluster anions with 17 to 69 atoms.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

19.0K

Low energy electron attenuation lengths in core-shell nanoparticles.

Michael I Jacobs1, Oleg Kostko, Musahid Ahmed

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Electron attenuation lengths (EALs) in squalane were measured for core-shell nanoparticles. Results show EALs depend significantly on electron kinetic energy (KE), especially below 2 eV.

More Related Videos

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
09:27

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

Published on: August 16, 2012

11.2K
Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
06:24

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis

Published on: September 13, 2020

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

19.0K
Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
09:27

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

Published on: August 16, 2012

11.2K
Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
06:24

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis

Published on: September 13, 2020

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding electron transport in materials is crucial for electronic devices.
  • Core-shell nanoparticles offer tunable properties for various applications.
  • Electron attenuation lengths (EALs) dictate electron scattering and energy loss within materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the electron attenuation lengths (EALs) in liquid hydrocarbon shells of core-shell nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the influence of electron kinetic energy (KE) on EALs in squalane.
  • To compare energy-dependent EAL behavior in squalane with other dielectric materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized velocity map imaging spectrometry to measure photoemission from free core-shell nanoparticles.
  • Systematically varied the radial thickness of the hydrocarbon (squalane) shell.
  • Quantified EALs by analyzing the decay in photoemission intensity from the salt core as a function of shell thickness.

Main Results:

  • In squalane, electrons with kinetic energy (KE) above 2 eV exhibited EALs of 3-5 nm.
  • Electrons with KE below 2 eV showed significantly larger EALs, exceeding 15 nm.
  • EALs demonstrated a strong material dependency at very low electron KE (<2 eV).

Conclusions:

  • Electron attenuation lengths in squalane are highly dependent on electron kinetic energy.
  • The energy-dependent behavior of low-energy electrons in dielectrics is similar for KE > 2 eV, showing weak energy dependence.
  • At very low KE (<2 eV), EALs diverge significantly, highlighting material-specific interactions.