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Rafael Menezes-Silva1, Fabiano Vargas Pereira2, Maria Helena Santos3

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Dental Journal
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
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Cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced glass ionomer cement demonstrated superior biocompatibility and advanced tissue repair in rat subcutaneous implants. This biomaterial shows promise for dental restorative applications, minimizing tissue damage.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Developing restorative materials requires minimizing damage to surrounding tissue structures.
  • Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a common dental material, but its properties can be enhanced.
  • Biocompatibility is a critical factor for evaluating new dental materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cement (GIC) modified with cellulose microfibers (GIC+CM) and cellulose nanocrystals (GIC+CN).
  • To compare the tissue response to GIC, GIC+CM, and GIC+CN following subcutaneous implantation in rats.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups of rats (n=15) were implanted with GIC (Control), GIC+CM, or GIC+CN specimens in subcutaneous tissue.
  • Histological evaluation of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, macrophages, giant cells, inflammatory reaction, and capsule thickness was performed at 7, 30, and 60 days.

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  • Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests was employed.

    • Main Results:

    • At 7 days, GIC+CN showed significantly more fibroblasts and fewer macrophages and mononuclear cells, indicating favorable tissue repair.
    • Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and giant cells were absent throughout the study.
    • At 60 days, GIC+CN implants had a significantly thinner fibrous capsule (26.72±2.87 µm) compared to GIC+CM (41.21±3.98 µm).

    Conclusions:

    • All tested biomaterials exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility.
    • Glass ionomer cement modified with cellulose nanocrystals (GIC+CN) demonstrated more advanced tissue repair compared to GIC and GIC+CM.
    • GIC+CN presents a promising alternative for dental restorative applications due to its enhanced biocompatibility.