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Chronotype, Physical Activity, and Sport Performance: A Systematic Review
Jacopo Antonino Vitale1, Andi Weydahl2
1IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy. jacopo.vitale@grupposandonato.it.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|May 12, 2017
Summary
Chronotype influences athletic performance and perceived exertion. Morning types (M-types) often perform better in the morning and perceive less effort compared to evening types (E-types).
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Chronobiology
- Human Performance
Background:
- Circadian rhythms influence daily physiological and psychological variables.
- Chronotype, an individual's circadian rhythm expression, categorizes individuals into morning (M-types), evening (E-types), or neutral (N-types).
- The impact of chronotype on athletic performance remains underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effect of chronotype on athletic performance.
- To examine chronotype's influence on psychophysiological responses to physical activity.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers from 1985-2015 using keywords related to chronotype and athletic performance.
- Included peer-reviewed English-language publications.
Main Results:
- Chronotype affects perceived exertion and fatigue; M-types report less effort in the morning than N-types and E-types.
- M-types demonstrate superior athletic performance, particularly in morning events, compared to N-types and E-types.
- Inconsistent findings on physiological responses may stem from varied study samples and activity types.
Conclusions:
- Chronotype significantly impacts athletic performance and perceived exertion.
- Coaches and trainers should consider chronotype and time of day when scheduling training.
- Optimizing training schedules based on chronotype can enhance athletic outcomes.
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