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Structure and function changes in rat adrenal glands during aging.

E Reaven1, M Kostrna, J Ramachandran

  • 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto 94305.

The American Journal of Physiology
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Aging in rats does not alter total corticosterone production, but it does reduce adrenal gland efficiency. Hormone production per adrenal weight, volume, and cell number declines with age.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Aging Research
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with changes in the adrenal gland and hormone production.
  • Corticosterone is a key stress hormone regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in corticosterone production and adrenal gland function in rats.
  • To determine if reduced adrenal gland efficiency contributes to altered hormone levels in aging animals.

Main Methods:

  • Compared adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced corticosterone production in young and aging rats.
  • Corrected hormone levels for plasma volume, adrenal weight, adrenal cortex volume, and cell number.
  • Measured corticosterone disposal rates and ACTH binding sites in adrenal glands.

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Main Results:

  • Total corticosterone production was equivalent in young and aging rats, despite lower serum concentrations per ml in older rats due to increased plasma volume.
  • When corrected for adrenal gland size and cellularity, corticosterone production was significantly lower in aging rats (approx. 50% per adrenal weight/volume, 20% per cell).
  • Corticosterone disposal rates and ACTH binding sites did not significantly differ between age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to decreased efficiency of corticosterone production within the rat adrenal gland, even though total hormone output remains stable.
  • Structural changes in the adrenal gland, rather than altered hormone clearance or ACTH sensitivity, underlie the age-related decline in corticosterone production efficiency.