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Related Experiment Videos

Acidity potentiates bronchoconstriction induced by hypoosmolar aerosols.

J R Balmes1, J M Fine, D Christian

  • 1Northern California Occupational Health Center, San Francisco.

The American Review of Respiratory Disease
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Acidic fog components can worsen asthma by interacting with hypoosmolarity. This study found that inhaling hypoosmolar acids significantly increased airway resistance in asthma patients, suggesting a combined effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Naturally occurring fogs are often hypoosmolar and acidic.
  • Both hypoosmolarity and acidity can independently trigger bronchoconstriction.
  • The combined effect of these fog components on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential synergistic interaction between hypoosmolarity and acidity in inducing bronchoconstriction in individuals with asthma.
  • To determine if inhaled hypoosmolar acids exacerbate airway resistance more than hypoosmolar saline.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve adult subjects with asthma inhaled aerosols of hypoosmolar saline, hypoosmolar sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hypoosmolar nitric acid (HNO3), a mixture of these acids, and isoosmolar H2SO4.

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  • Specific airway resistance (SRaw) was measured before and after inhalation.
  • Output-response curves were generated to calculate the nebulizer output required to increase SRaw by 100% (PO100).

    • Main Results:

    • Hypoosmolar acids (H2SO4, HNO3, and mixture) significantly lowered the PO100 compared to hypoosmolar saline, indicating increased airway responsiveness.
    • No significant difference in PO100 was observed among the three different hypoosmolar acids.
    • Isoosmolar H2SO4 did not induce significant bronchoconstriction even at high concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhaled hypoosmolar acidic aerosols potentiate bronchoconstriction in asthma.
    • The findings suggest a significant interaction between fog acidity and hypoosmolarity in exacerbating asthma symptoms.
    • Environmental exposure to acidic fog may pose a greater risk to asthmatic individuals than previously recognized.