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The biology of JC polyomavirus

Benedetta Assetta1, Walter J Atwood1

  • 1.

Biological Chemistry
|May 12, 2017
PubMed

Insights

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal brain disease in immunocompromised individuals. This overview explores JCPyV biology, its oncogenic potential, and remaining research questions in PML pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology

Background:

  • JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a human DNA virus responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • PML predominantly affects individuals with compromised immune systems or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapies.
  • JCPyV possesses an oncogene, the large T antigen, and is classified as possibly carcinogenic, although its oncogenic role in humans is not definitively established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of JC polyomavirus biology.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) linked to JCPyV infection.
  • To highlight critical unanswered questions and future research directions in the field of JCPyV and PML.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on JC polyomavirus.
  • Analysis of JCPyV's genomic features, including its oncogenic large T antigen.
  • Discussion of host-virus interactions and cellular tropism relevant to JCPyV infection.

Main Results:

  • JCPyV exhibits a restricted host range, primarily infecting humans.
  • The virus's double-stranded DNA genome and oncogenic potential are key features.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding JCPyV's biology and its association with PML.

Conclusions:

  • JC polyomavirus remains a significant etiological agent of PML in susceptible populations.
  • Further research is necessary to fully elucidate JCPyV's oncogenic mechanisms and its role in human disease.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps in JCPyV biology is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies against PML.
Keywords:
HIV/AIDSJCPyVPMLimmune responsemultiple sclerosisvirus receptors

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