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Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Uveal Melanoma Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.

Taylor Nayman1,2, Cristina Bostan1,3, Patrick Logan1

  • 1a The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.

Current Eye Research
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study identified key risk factors for uveal melanoma (UM) development, including atypical nevi and fair skin. This knowledge aids in creating a risk-assessment tool for UM screening.

Keywords:
Host susceptibilityoccupational exposurerisk factorssystematic reviewuveal melanoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare but serious eye cancer.
  • Currently, no clinical tool exists to identify patients at high risk for UM who may benefit from regular screening.
  • Systematic review of established risk factors is a crucial first step toward developing such a tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review established risk factors for uveal melanoma (UM) through meta-analysis.
  • To identify significant variables associated with UM development.
  • To lay the groundwork for a clinical risk-assessment tool for UM.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science) until July 2016.
  • Included meta-analyses and systematic reviews reporting odds ratios (ORs) for UM risk factors.
  • Assessed methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool.

Main Results:

  • Nine significant risk factors for UM were identified from four meta-analyses.
  • Key factors include atypical cutaneous nevi (OR 2.82), welding exposure (OR 2.05), occupational cooking (OR 1.81), fair skin color (OR 1.80), and light eye color (OR 1.75).
  • Other significant factors: common cutaneous nevi, propensity to sunburn, iris nevi, and cutaneous freckles.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate quality evidence supports nine significant risk factors for uveal melanoma.
  • This information is vital for developing a formal risk-assessment tool.
  • The tool will help clinicians estimate UM susceptibility and the need for regular screening.