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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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HIV Latency Gets a New Histone Mark.

Bryan C Nikolai1, Qin Feng1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new enzyme that helps maintain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latency. This finding is crucial for developing new drugs to reverse HIV latency and work towards a cure.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Virology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Transcriptional latency of integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus is a significant barrier to achieving a cure for HIV.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain HIV-1 latency is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel molecular players involved in the regulation of HIV-1 transcriptional latency.
  • To investigate the role of histone modifications in establishing and maintaining the latent state of HIV-1.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed proteomic and biochemical approaches to identify novel protein interactions.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to analyze histone modifications at the HIV-1 LTR.

Main Results:

  • Boehm et al. identified a novel lysine methyltransferase responsible for writing a repressive histone mark associated with HIV-1 latency.
  • This enzyme contributes to the establishment or maintenance of the transcriptionally silent state of the integrated provirus.

Conclusions:

  • The identified lysine methyltransferase represents a potential therapeutic target for reversing HIV-1 latency.
  • Pharmacological targeting of this enzyme could lead to novel strategies for HIV-1 eradication.