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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
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microRNAs: important regulators of stem cells.

Na Li1, Bo Long1, Wei Han2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in stem cell reprogramming and differentiation. Understanding these small non-coding RNAs offers potential for advancing stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Stem cells, including adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities, holding significant promise for clinical applications.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs involved in various cellular processes such as cell fate determination, signaling pathways, and disease pathogenesis.
  • Distinct miRNA expression profiles characterize different stem cell types, suggesting their regulatory importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of miRNAs in stem cell biology.
  • To summarize the involvement of miRNAs in stem cell reprogramming, maintenance of pluripotency, and differentiation processes.
  • To highlight the future potential of miRNAs in stem cell-based clinical therapies and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles focusing on miRNAs and stem cells.
  • Analysis of studies detailing miRNA expression profiles in various stem cell types.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA functions in stem cell reprogramming and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are integral to regulating stem cell pluripotency and directing differentiation pathways.
  • Specific miRNA expression patterns are associated with different stem cell states and lineages.
  • miRNAs are implicated in the mechanisms underlying stem cell reprogramming, including the generation of iPSCs.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are key regulators of stem cell behavior, influencing reprogramming, pluripotency, and differentiation.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising strategy for enhancing stem cell therapies.
  • Further research into miRNAs will likely drive advancements in regenerative medicine and clinical applications of stem cells.