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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to perinatal and maternal characteristics: a case control study

Samantha W Bell1,2,3, Susan Shenoi4, J Lee Nelson5

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Samantha.Bell@ucsf.edu.

Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal
|May 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Greater maternal parity was linked to a reduced risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), while prematurity and prior fetal loss were associated with increased JIA risk. These findings suggest potential links to the hygiene and microchimerism hypotheses in autoimmune disease development.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on maternal and early childhood exposures linked to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) risk.
  • Previous studies suggest potential roles for prematurity, number of siblings, and infections in JIA development.
  • This study investigates JIA in relation to infant and maternal characteristics as potential markers for exposures relevant to autoimmune disease pathways like the hygiene hypothesis and microchimerism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore associations between maternal and early life factors and the risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
  • To examine these associations across different International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) JIA categories.
  • To evaluate potential links to the hygiene hypothesis and microchimerism in autoimmune disease occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 1,234 JIA cases and 5,993 matched controls.
  • Exposure data sourced from Washington State birth certificates.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Increased maternal parity correlated with a decreased JIA risk (OR 0.32 for persistent oligoarticular JIA).
  • Prior fetal loss was associated with an increased JIA risk (excluding oligoarticular JIA).
  • Prematurity showed increased risk for enthesitis-related arthritis (OR 1.9) and rheumatoid factor-positive polyarticular JIA (OR 2.2).

Conclusions:

  • Selected maternal factors demonstrate associations with JIA risk, varying by JIA subtype.
  • Reduced JIA risk with higher maternal parity aligns with hygiene and microchimerism hypotheses.
  • Further research incorporating biomarkers is needed to clarify these associations and underlying mechanisms.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birth certificateCase-control studyJuvenile arthritisMaternal reproductive historyPerinatal factors

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