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Sequential extraction protocol for organic matter from soils and sediments using high resolution mass spectrometry.

Malak M Tfaily1, Rosalie K Chu1, Jason Toyoda1

  • 1Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, USA.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new sequential extraction method to analyze soil organic matter (SOM) diversity. This method efficiently extracts a wider range of organic compounds from soils and sediments, aiding in understanding carbon cycling and ecosystem responses.

Keywords:
Carbon cycleCharge competitionIonization efficiencyMass spectrometrySedimentsSoil organic matter

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Organic Geochemistry

Background:

  • Soil organic matter (SOM) comprises diverse organic compounds crucial for the terrestrial carbon cycle and ecosystem functions.
  • Understanding SOM composition is key to predicting nutrient cycling, ecosystem responses to perturbations, and climate change impacts.
  • Existing methods like parallel solvent extraction (PSE) have limitations in revealing the full diversity of SOM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and compare a sequential chemical extraction procedure for revealing the diversity of organic matter (OM) in various ecosystems.
  • To select the optimal extraction method for representative OM fractions from diverse soils and sediments.
  • To compare the effectiveness of the new sequential protocol against the established PSE method.

Main Methods:

  • Six extraction methods were compared across three sample types: peat soil, spruce forest soil, and river sediment.
  • Extraction yield was estimated via dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analysis using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis.
  • Composition of extracted OM was analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).

Main Results:

  • OM composition is strongly dependent on soil and sediment characteristics.
  • Two sequential extraction protocols, progressing from polar to non-polar solvents (H2O followed by MeOH-CHCl3 or sequential ACN and CHCl3), yielded the highest diversity and number of organic compounds.
  • The developed sequential protocol requires less sample and offers improved sensitivity compared to PSE.

Conclusions:

  • Sequential extraction provides a more comprehensive analysis of SOM diversity than PSE.
  • The new protocol enables robust ecosystem comparisons based on compound diversity, offering insights into organic compound sources and processing.
  • This advancement aids in predicting carbon cycling and ecosystem responses in diverse terrestrial environments.