Dynamics of the Driving Force During the Normal Vocal Fold Vibration Cycle

Intraglottal pressure is the driving force of vocal fold vibration. Theoretically, simultaneous quantification of glottal area and transglottal airflow allows the calculation of the intraglottal pressure waveform during a single vibration cycle. In this study, we show that, by combining photoglottography (transglottal light transmission) and airflow (Rothenberg mask) measurements during sustained vocal emissions in vivo, the intraglottal pressure wave can be approximated in a way similar to what has been done in models. The results confirm in vivo that the intraglottal pressure is systematically larger during the opening phase than during the closing phase, so that over one whole cycle, the driving force performs net positive work, accounting for sustained vocal fold motion. A component of this driving force asymmetry is related to vocal tract inertance, which also accounts for the skewing of the airflow waveform compared with the area waveform. Furthermore, the intraglottal pressure ratio (opening:closing) increases with voicing intensity, reaches a maximum around 76 dB, and significantly decreases at higher intensities. This rise and fall suggests that there is a range of intensity values in which, mechanically, a maximum of the driving force is imparted to the vocal fold mass. This finding could have implications for voice economy in professional speakers.