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Actuarial Approach

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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
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A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
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Survival models analyze the time until one or more events occur, such as death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. These models are widely used across fields like medicine, biology, engineering, and public health to study time-to-event phenomena. To ensure accurate results, survival analysis relies on key assumptions and careful study design.
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Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Clock Copying Predicts Mortality in Adult Protective Services Clients.

Abigail E Talley1, Jason E Schillerstrom1, Donald R Royall2

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Psychiatry, San Antonio, TX.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A simple clock copying test can predict mortality in adults seeking capacity assessments. This visuospatial task offers valuable survival insights for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
Adult protective servicesand elder abuseclock drawingcognitionsurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adult Protective Services (APS) often assesses decision-making capacity in vulnerable adults.
  • Identifying predictors of mortality in this population is crucial for timely interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if clock copying performance predicts 18-month mortality in APS clients.
  • To assess the utility of a visuospatial task in a capacity assessment context.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 233 clients referred by APS for capacity assessment.
  • Neuropsychological testing including the Executive Clock Drawing Task Part 2 (CLOX2).
  • Cox proportional hazards models used to analyze survival data.

Main Results:

  • Poor performance on the CLOX2 task significantly predicted 18-month mortality.
  • This prediction remained significant after controlling for age, education, sex, and general cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Clock copying is an accessible tool for assessing survival risk in vulnerable adults.
  • The CLOX2 task may provide valuable prognostic information in capacity evaluations.