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Intestinal microbiota contributes to colonic epithelial changes in simulated microgravity mouse model.

Junxiu Shi1, Yifan Wang1, Jian He2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Simulated microgravity alters gut microbiota and colon cells in mice, increasing susceptibility to injury. Microbiota changes are key drivers of these gastrointestinal effects.

Keywords:
colitishomeostasisintestinal epithelial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • Microgravity affects multiple physiological systems, but its impact on the gastrointestinal tract remains understudied.
  • Understanding microgravity's effects on the gut is crucial for astronaut health during long-duration space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microgravity-induced changes in intestinal microbiota and colonic epithelial cells using a hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model.
  • To determine the role of microbiota in microgravity-related colonic epithelial alterations and functional impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model to simulate microgravity.
  • Analyzed fecal microbiota composition (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) and colonic epithelial cell characteristics (goblet cell number, cell turnover, gene expression).
  • Assessed epithelial injury susceptibility using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and performed cohousing and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments.

Main Results:

  • HU mice exhibited altered gut microbiota with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes.
  • Colon epithelium in HU mice showed reduced goblet cells, impaired cell turnover, and decreased expression of defense/inflammatory genes.
  • HU mice displayed increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, which was transferable via cohousing and alleviated by fecal transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated microgravity induces gut dysbiosis, leading to colonic epithelial dysfunction, compromised barrier integrity, and heightened colitis susceptibility.
  • Alterations in gastrointestinal motility may contribute to microgravity-associated dysbiosis.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and maintaining intestinal homeostasis in astronauts during space travel.