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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Frontal Sinus Fractures.

Kelly Schultz1, Tara L Braun1, Tuan A Truong1

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontal sinus fractures require careful management to prevent complications. Modern endoscopic techniques offer less invasive options for preserving frontal sinus function.

Keywords:
cranializationendoscopic treatmentfacial fracturefrontal sinusnasofrontal tract

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Neurosurgery
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The frontal bone protects the brain and houses the frontal sinus, which is near critical intracranial structures.
  • Frontal sinus injuries can lead to severe complications if not managed appropriately.
  • Historically, invasive procedures were prioritized for managing frontal sinus fractures to prevent intracranial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving management strategies for frontal sinus fractures.
  • To highlight the shift towards conservative approaches.
  • To discuss the role of advancements in endoscopic techniques and technology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current management of frontal sinus fractures.
  • Analysis of the evolution of surgical versus conservative treatment paradigms.
  • Examination of the impact of technological advancements, particularly endoscopic approaches.

Main Results:

  • A significant shift from aggressive surgical intervention to more conservative management of frontal sinus fractures.
  • Increased availability of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques as alternatives to open surgery.
  • Emphasis on preserving the anatomical and functional integrity of the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Modern management of frontal sinus fractures increasingly favors conservative approaches.
  • Endoscopic techniques provide viable, less invasive alternatives for treating these injuries.
  • Preserving the frontal sinus outflow tract is a key goal in contemporary fracture management.