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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases.

Nicola L Diny1, Noel R Rose2, Daniela Čiháková3

  • 1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophils, immune cells, are increasingly recognized for their role in autoimmune diseases beyond asthma and parasitic infections. This review details their function in various autoimmune conditions and identifies common pathogenic mechanisms.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasesbullous pemphigoideosinophiliaeosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitisinflammatory bowel diseaseinnate immune systemmyocarditisneuromyelitis optica

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eosinophils are key immune cells involved in inflammation.
  • Their established roles in asthma and parasitic infections are well-documented.
  • Emerging evidence highlights eosinophils' involvement in autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function of eosinophils in diverse autoimmune diseases.
  • To identify common pathogenic mechanisms driven by eosinophils.
  • To examine the link between eosinophilic disorders and autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of clinical studies and experimental models.
  • Analysis of eosinophil function in specific autoimmune diseases.
  • Examination of eosinophil-targeted therapies and their impact.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophils contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis through degranulation, cytotoxicity, protease release, immune modulation, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic activities.
  • Specific autoimmune diseases reviewed include inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
  • An association is noted between eosinophilic disorders (e.g., eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome) and an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophils play a multifaceted role in the initiation and progression of various autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding eosinophil functions in autoimmunity can reveal shared pathogenic pathways.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate eosinophil regulation and therapeutic targeting in autoimmune conditions.