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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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In-flight allergic emergencies.

Mario Sánchez-Borges1,2, Victoria Cardona3,4, Margitta Worm5

  • 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic reactions and asthma emergencies can happen during flights. This review highlights the need for better prevention and management strategies for in-flight allergic and asthma events.

Keywords:
Air travelAircraftAllergic reactionAnaphylaxisAsthmaEmergencyFlightFood allergy

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and asthma exacerbations, can occur during air travel.
  • The incidence of in-flight asthma and allergic emergencies is not well-documented, despite potential risks to passengers.
  • There is a recognized need for improved awareness and preparedness for managing these medical events in the aviation environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, management, and prevention strategies for allergic and asthma emergencies during air travel.
  • To increase awareness among passengers and airlines regarding potentially preventable medical events in flight.
  • To provide a foundation for developing better protocols for in-flight allergic and asthma emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Epidemiological data, clinical management guidelines, and prevention approaches were synthesized.
  • The review focused on studies and recommendations relevant to air travel settings.

Main Results:

  • Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions pose a risk during air travel.
  • Current data on the incidence of these events in flight is limited.
  • Effective prevention and management strategies are crucial for passenger safety.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic and asthma emergencies during air travel require greater attention and proactive measures.
  • Enhanced awareness and standardized protocols can mitigate risks for at-risk passengers.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and address the scope of in-flight allergic emergencies.