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Controlled Ion Release from Novel Polyester/Ceramic Composites Enhances Osteoinductivity.

Soheila Ali Akbari Ghavimi1, Rama Rao Tata2, Andrew J Greenwald1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, W2027 Lafferre Hall, 416 S. 6th Street, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.

The AAPS Journal
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Novel polymer/ceramic composites show promise for bone regeneration. By controlling calcium and phosphate release, these biomaterials enhance mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and mineralization, offering a potential alternative to biological grafts.

Keywords:
calcium/phosphate ionsmesenchymal stem cellsmonobasic calcium phosphateosteoinductionpolyesters

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal defects necessitate advanced graft substitutes due to limitations of current biological materials.
  • Composite biomaterials mimicking natural bone's organic and inorganic phases can enhance endogenous repair.
  • Controlled release of osteoinductive calcium and phosphate ions is crucial for bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel polymer/ceramic composite biomaterials for bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the modulation of calcium and phosphate ion release from these composites.
  • To evaluate the osteogenic potential of the composites using mesenchymal stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of unique aliphatic polyesters complexed with monobasic calcium phosphate (MCP).
  • Analysis of ion release kinetics and pH modulation during composite degradation.
  • In vitro incubation of composites with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to assess osteogenic differentiation.

Main Results:

  • MCP's rapid ion release was successfully modulated by polymer length and chemistry.
  • Controlled ion release mitigated pH changes associated with polyester degradation.
  • Composites significantly enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase expression, mineralization) compared to individual components.

Conclusions:

  • Controllable release of calcium and phosphate ions via a polyester matrix is a viable strategy for bone regenerative engineering.
  • These novel composite biomaterials demonstrate superior osteoinductive properties.
  • The findings offer a promising avenue for developing effective bone graft substitutes.