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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

A Behavioral Screen for Heat-Induced Seizures in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Warming the mouse to model human diseases.

Kirthana Ganeshan1, Ajay Chawla1,2,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory mice are housed in cold conditions, unlike humans who seek thermal comfort. Warming mice may improve the accuracy of human disease models and therapies by reducing thermal stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Comparative Biology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Humans maintain a core body temperature within a narrow, comfortable range using behavioral and technological adaptations.
  • Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) are commonly housed below their thermoneutral zone, creating thermal stress.
  • This discrepancy may limit the translatability of mouse models to human physiology and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of housing temperature on mouse models of human disease.
  • To evaluate how thermal stress in mice affects physiological phenotypes.
  • To propose housing mice at thermoneutrality for improved human disease modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining mouse physiology under different housing temperatures.
  • Analysis of data from cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, and immunological studies.
  • Comparison of observed phenotypes in mice housed at standard versus thermoneutral conditions.

Main Results:

  • Thermal stress in mice alters phenotypes relevant to human diseases.
  • Certain disease phenotypes observed under cold stress disappear at thermoneutrality.
  • New phenotypes emerge at thermoneutrality that more closely resemble human biology.

Conclusions:

  • Housing mice below their thermoneutral zone introduces confounding variables in disease modeling.
  • Warming laboratory mice to thermoneutrality can yield more predictive models of human diseases.
  • This approach may enhance the development of more effective human therapies.