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How does radioactive iodine affect the nose?

Ela Araz Server1, Tolga Kirgezen1, Ozlem Onerci Celebi1

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Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid cancer can negatively impact nasal function, causing increased dryness and obstruction. Further research is needed to fully understand these effects on the nasal mucosa.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is a common treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Potential side effects of RAI treatment on various organs are well-documented.
  • The specific impact of RAI on nasal mucosa and function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of RAI treatment on nasal mucosa and nasal functions in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • To assess subjective and objective changes in nasal symptoms and functions post-RAI therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective clinical study involving 41 patients treated with RAI for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Subjective assessment of nasal symptoms using a visual analogue scale (VAS).
  • Objective evaluation of nasal functions using the saccharine test, nasal Schirmer test, and acoustic rhinometry at baseline, 1 month, and 1 year post-RAI.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in VAS scores for nasal obstruction and dryness were observed 1 month and 1 year post-RAI (P < .05).
  • Nasal Schirmer test results showed significantly decreased tear production post-RAI (P < .05).
  • Saccharine test results indicated significantly increased nasal mucociliary clearance post-RAI (P < .05), while acoustic rhinometry showed no significant changes in nasal cross-sectional area.

Conclusions:

  • RAI treatment can adversely affect the nasal mucosa, leading to symptoms like nasal dryness and obstruction shortly after treatment.
  • Objective measures indicate altered nasal function, including reduced tear production and increased mucociliary clearance.
  • Further research is necessary to fully understand the long-term effects of RAI on nasal function.