Sesamin encouraging effects on chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Worldwide, the most recognized musculoskeletal degenerative disease is osteoarthritis (OA). Sesamin, a major abundant lignan compound present in Sesamun Indicum Linn, has been described for its various pharmacological effects and health benefits. However, the promoting effects of sesamin on chondrogenic differentiation have not yet been observed. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sesamin on cell cytotoxicity and the potent supporting effects on chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAF-MSCs). The results indicated that sesamin was not toxic to hAF-MSCs after sesamin treatment. When treating the cells with a combination of sesamin and inducing factors, sesamin was able to up-regulate the expression level of specific genes which play an essential role during the cartilage development process, including SOX9, AGC, COL2A1, COL11A1, and COMP and also simultaneously promote the cartilage extracellular protein synthesis, aggrecan and type II collagen. Additionally, histological analysis revealed a high amount of accumulated sGAG staining inside the porous scaffold in the sesamin co-treating group. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that sesamin can be considered a chondrogenic inducing factor and a beneficial dietary supplement for cartilage repair.