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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
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Contraception: Menarche to Menopause.

Erin E Tracy1

  • 1Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Founders 406, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|May 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contraception is essential for reproductive-aged women, with many unplanned pregnancies occurring annually. Various hormonal and barrier methods offer pregnancy prevention, but efficacy varies based on patient factors.

Keywords:
Barrier methodsHormonal contraceptionIntrauterine devicesLong-acting reversible contraceptionSterilization

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception Research
  • Women's Healthcare

Background:

  • Approximately 50% of pregnancies in the US are unplanned, highlighting a need for effective contraception.
  • Barrier methods like condoms aid in sexually transmitted disease prevention but are less effective for pregnancy avoidance.
  • Routine healthcare for reproductive-aged women should incorporate comprehensive contraception services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available contraceptive methods for pregnancy prevention.
  • To discuss the efficacy and considerations of various contraceptive options.
  • To emphasize the importance of contraception within routine healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on contraceptive methods.
  • Categorization of contraceptives into hormonal and barrier methods.
  • Analysis of efficacy based on method type and patient adherence.

Main Results:

  • Hormonal contraceptives include pills, patches, rings, injections, implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs).
  • Permanent sterilization is also an option for pregnancy prevention.
  • Efficacy of different methods is influenced by patient compliance and side effect tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • A range of contraceptive options are available, each with distinct efficacy profiles.
  • Patient-specific factors, including adherence and side effects, significantly impact contraceptive effectiveness.
  • Integrating contraception services into routine healthcare is crucial for managing reproductive health and reducing unplanned pregnancies.