Transient radicals in heterogeneous systems: detection by spin trapping
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Updated: Sep 9, 2026

Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps
Published on: August 18, 2012
1Xerox Research Centre of Canada, Mississauga, Ontario.
Abstract:
The application of spin trapping to the detection of transient radicals generated in heterogeneous systems is discussed. The major part of this review focuses on the interaction of light with particles in dispersion and the resultant radicals which are produced. This includes photoactive pigments such as CdS, TiO2, ZnO and phthalocyanine in a variety of solvents as well as micelles, vesicles and microemulsions containing molecules such as phthalocyanine or chlorophyll. The utility of spin trapping in heterogeneous systems which are not a function of illumination (i.e. electrochemical reactions, catalysis and biological systems) is also discussed. It is demonstrated that reaction mechanisms can be better understood by the indirect detection of the radical intermediates which are involved in the various processes. This impacts studies in solar energy utilization, electrophotography, catalysis, electrochemistry, photosynthesis and the disease process.
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