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Electrolyte type and nozzle composition affect the process of vibrating-membrane nebulization.

Moritz Beck-Broichsitter¹, Nina Oesterheld¹

¹Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V

|May 14, 2017

Summary

Vibrating-membrane nebulizers create smaller aerosol droplets with increasing salt concentration. Formulation and nozzle type significantly impact droplet size, crucial for effective inhalation therapy.

Keywords:

Active pharmaceutical ingredients Aerosol droplets Electrolytes Inhalation Lung delivery Nozzle coating Vibrating-membrane nebulization

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Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Technology
Aerosol Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Airborne particle size critically influences lung deposition and inhalation therapy effectiveness.
Vibrating-membrane nebulization is a key technology for aerosol generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate factors influencing liquid atomization by vibrating-membrane nebulizers.
To optimize aerosol properties for effective inhalation therapy.

Main Methods:

Tested inorganic salts and active pharmaceutical ingredients with vibrating-membrane nebulizers (eFlow®rapid, Aeroneb® Pro).
Analyzed aerosol droplet size changes with varying sample concentrations and solvents (aqueous vs. organic).
Evaluated the impact of diverse nozzle coatings (metal, polymer) on nebulization.

Main Results:

Increased sample concentration led to a sigmoidal decrease in aerosol droplet size for all tested substances.
Solvent type (aqueous/organic) amplified electrolyte effects on droplet size and nebulization.
Nozzle composition significantly altered required electrolyte concentrations for droplet size reduction.

Conclusions:

Formulation (sample type, concentration, solvent) and device (nozzle) characteristics determine aerosol adequacy for inhalation.
Findings can guide rational design of aerosol formulations and nebulizer devices for improved inhalation therapy.