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Related Concept Videos

Bullying02:04

Bullying

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Relationship Formation02:12

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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

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According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Aggression Predicts Changes in Peer Victimization that Vary by Form and Function.

Karin S Frey1, Zoe Higheagle Strong2

  • 1Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Washington, Miller box 353600, Seattle, WA, 98105-3600, USA. karinf@uw.edu.

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|May 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children’s direct-reactive aggression predicts increased peer victimization, while direct-proactive aggression predicts decreases. Understanding these aggression types is key to addressing bullying behaviors.

Keywords:
Direct aggressionIndirect aggressionObserved behaviorProactive aggressionReactive aggressionVictimization

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Peer victimization is a significant predictor of adjustment problems in children.
  • Children who are both victimized and aggressive face particularly severe challenges.
  • Understanding the interplay between aggression and victimization is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different forms and functions of children's aggression predict subsequent peer victimization.
  • To examine the prospective relationships between perpetrated and experienced aggression.
  • To differentiate the impact of direct vs. indirect and proactive vs. reactive aggression.

Main Methods:

  • Observational coding of schoolyard behaviors in 553 children (grades 3-6).
  • Data collected during the first year of a bullying intervention program.
  • Aggression and victimization categorized by form (direct, indirect) and function (proactive, reactive).

Main Results:

  • Direct-reactive aggression uniquely predicted increases in overall victimization.
  • Direct-proactive aggression predicted decreases in victimization, especially direct-proactive victimization.
  • Indirect-proactive aggression increased indirect-proactive victimization, but only in the control group.

Conclusions:

  • The type of aggression employed by children has differential effects on their victimization experiences.
  • Direct-reactive aggression may place children at higher risk for future victimization.
  • Clarifying theoretical distinctions between proactive and reactive aggression is necessary for effective interventions.