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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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A Model of Acute Lung Injury Following Visceral Ischemia-Reperfusion by Supra-Coeliac Aortic Cross Clamping in Rats
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Clinically isolated aortitis: pitfalls, progress, and possibilities.

Ilkay Cinar1, He Wang2, James R Stone3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Prof. Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir Research Hospital, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.

Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology
|May 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinically isolated aortitis (CIA) often mimics giant cell arteritis (GCA) and presents without systemic vasculitis symptoms. Patients with CIA face increased aortic event risks and may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy.

Keywords:
Aortic aneurysmAortic dissectionAscending aortaGiant cell aortitisGiant cell arteritisIdiopathic aortitisInfectious aortitisMycotic aneurysm

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Systemic Vasculitis

Background:

  • Non-infectious aortitis can stem from various systemic rheumatologic diseases.
  • Clinically isolated aortitis (CIA) is diagnosed when aortitis is found without clinical signs of systemic vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define clinically isolated aortitis (CIA).
  • To explore the relationship between CIA and giant cell arteritis (GCA).
  • To review diagnostic methods and clinical implications of CIA.

Main Methods:

  • Pathological examination of resected aortic tissue.
  • Radiological imaging including CT, MRI, and FDG-PET.
  • Review of existing literature and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • CIA shares demographic and pathological features with GCA, often representing extracranial GCA.
  • Pathological and radiological definitions of CIA may differ.
  • Patients with CIA exhibit a higher risk of subsequent aortic aneurysms or dissections.

Conclusions:

  • CIA requires monitoring with periodic aortic imaging due to increased risk of aortic events.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy may benefit select CIA patients, though data is limited.