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Melatonin reduces changes to small intestinal microvasculature during systemic inflammation.

Maren Oude Lansink1, Vivien Patyk1, Herbert de Groot1

  • 1Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|May 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin treatment selectively protected the small intestine's microvasculature from damage caused by systemic inflammation. While it reduced inflammation markers in the gut, it did not improve overall survival rates in rats.

Keywords:
Capillary congestionGranulocytesHemolysisLipopolysaccharideMast cellsMicrovascular stasis

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic inflammation can severely disrupt microcirculation in various organs, including the intestines.
  • The precise mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for intestinal microvascular dysfunction during systemic inflammation require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of melatonin on small intestinal microvasculature during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation in rats.
  • To determine if melatonin administration can mitigate LPS-induced microvascular changes and modulate inflammatory cell infiltration in the small intestine, liver, and kidney.

Main Methods:

  • Systemic inflammation was induced in male Wistar rats using continuous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion.
  • Melatonin was administered intravenously at different time points relative to LPS infusion.
  • Microvascular integrity, blood accumulation, hemorrhages, and inflammatory cell counts (mast cells, granulocytes, macrophages) were assessed in the small intestine, liver, and kidney using histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Main Results:

  • LPS infusion caused significant microvascular dilation and congestion, particularly pronounced in the small intestine, but did not lead to hemorrhages.
  • Melatonin administration significantly ameliorated LPS-induced microvascular changes in the small intestine but not in the liver.
  • Melatonin reduced LPS-induced increases in mast cells and granulocytes within the small intestine, without improving systemic parameters or survival rates.

Conclusions:

  • The small intestine is particularly vulnerable to microvascular alterations during systemic inflammation.
  • Melatonin demonstrates selective protective effects on the small intestinal microvasculature, likely by modulating local immune cell recruitment.
  • The therapeutic benefits of melatonin may be more pronounced in localized intestinal inflammation rather than systemic inflammatory conditions impacting overall survival.