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Related Concept Videos

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Eukaryotic DNA replication: Orchestrated action of multi-subunit protein complexes.

Sukhyun Kang1, Mi-Sun Kang1, Eunjin Ryu2

  • 1Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.

Mutation Research
|May 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Genome duplication preserves genetic information using the Mcm2-7 complex, a key replicative helicase. This review details the structure, function, and regulation of DNA replication machinery across the cell cycle.

Keywords:
DNA polymeraseDNA replicationHelicase activationMcm2-7 complexORCPCNAReplication forkReplication initiationReplication termination

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genome duplication is vital for transmitting genetic information across generations.
  • The eukaryotic cell cycle involves distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
  • The Mcm2-7 complex is a crucial replicative helicase involved in DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, function, and regulation of molecular machines driving DNA replication.
  • To elucidate the role of the Mcm2-7 complex and its activation into the CMG complex.
  • To describe the process of DNA replication initiation, elongation, and termination.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on DNA replication.
  • It focuses on the molecular mechanisms and protein interactions.
  • Key proteins discussed include Mcm2-7, ORC, and Cdc6, and kinases S-CDK and DDK.

Main Results:

  • Inactive Mcm2-7 complexes are loaded onto replication origins in G1 phase by ORC and Cdc6.
  • Activation to the CMG complex by S-CDK and DDK in S phase enables DNA unwinding and replisome assembly.
  • The CMG complex is removed post-replication to terminate the process.

Conclusions:

  • The Mcm2-7 complex and its regulated activation are central to eukaryotic DNA replication.
  • Understanding these molecular machines is essential for comprehending genome duplication.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of the DNA replication machinery.