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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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[Cancer, radiotherapy and immune system].

J P Nesseler1, D Peiffert1, G Vogin1

  • 1Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|May 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel oncology treatments improve survival for patients with limited metastatic cancer. Combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows promise for enhancing anti-tumour immunity and exploring abscopal effects.

Keywords:
Abscopal effectEffet abscopalImmunotherapyImmunothérapieInflammationLymphocytes TRadiotherapyRadiothérapieT cells

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Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Modern oncology features advanced systemic treatments and increased survival for oligometastatic patients.
  • Stereotactic radiotherapy with hypofractionation offers new avenues for localized tumor control.
  • Radiobiology now integrates the tumor microenvironment, highlighting the roles of radiation-induced inflammation and the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual effects of ionizing radiation on the immune system.
  • To summarize research on combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To discuss future research perspectives in this rapidly evolving field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of the interplay between radiation, inflammation, and immune responses.
  • Examination of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in conjunction with radiotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Radiation therapy can induce both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects.
  • Combining radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows potential for abscopal effects.
  • Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the feasibility and promise of this combination.

Conclusions:

  • Ionizing radiation has complex, dual effects on the immune system.
  • The combination of radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising area for cancer treatment.
  • Further research is needed to optimize this therapeutic strategy and understand its mechanisms.