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Updated: Mar 2, 2026
07:05
Injection of Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stroma Cells via Waterjet Technology
Published on: November 23, 2021
2.2K
Colliding jets provide depth control for water jetting in bone tissue
S den Dunnen1, J Dankelman1, G M Kerkhoffs2
1Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
Summary
Colliding water jets (CWJ) offer superior depth control in bone drilling compared to single water jets (SWJ). This new method significantly reduces drilling depth variations caused by bone heterogeneity, enhancing surgical safety.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Surgical Technology
Background:
- Water jet drilling offers advantages over traditional methods in orthopaedic surgery, including reduced thermal damage and improved maneuverability.
- Bone tissue heterogeneity can lead to unpredictable drilling depths with conventional water jet techniques.
- A novel colliding water jets (CWJ) method aims to enhance depth control by disrupting jet coherence below the bone surface.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of colliding water jets (CWJ) in controlling drilling depth in heterogeneous bone tissue.
- To compare the drilling depth variance and jet time influence of CWJ against single water jet (SWJ) drilling.
- To assess the impact of different CWJ impact angles on drilling performance.
Main Methods:
- 98 holes were drilled in porcine tali using CWJ (30° and 90° impact angles) and SWJ at 70MPa water pressure.
- Drilling depth and hole diameter were measured using microCT scans.
- Statistical analyses included Levene's test for variance, regression analysis for jet time influence, and ANOVA for hole diameter.
Main Results:
- CWJ significantly reduced drilling depth variance (0.6 mm 95% CI) compared to SWJ (5.4 mm 95% CI), mitigating effects of bone heterogeneity.
- Mean drilling depth for CWJ was 0.9 mm (SD 0.3 mm) versus 4.8 mm (SD 2.0 mm) for SWJ.
- Jet time had a lesser influence on drilling depth with CWJ (R²=0.30) than with SWJ (R²=0.46).
- CWJ at 90° impact angle resulted in significantly larger hole diameters than CWJ at 30° or SWJ.
Conclusions:
- Colliding water jets (CWJ) provide accurate and consistent depth control during water jet drilling in inhomogeneous bone.
- The reduced variance in drilling depth achieved with CWJ is within the safety margins required for orthopaedic procedures like debridement and pilot hole drilling.
- CWJ represents an inherently safe and precise method for bone drilling applications.
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