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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

86
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Related Experiment Video

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Component Resolved Diagnosis in Hymenoptera Anaphylaxis.

D Tomsitz1, K Brockow2

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802, Munich, Germany.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|May 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Component resolved diagnostics (CRD) improve Hymenoptera venom allergy diagnosis using new recombinant allergens. This helps identify specific culprits, reducing the diagnostic gap and guiding effective venom immunotherapy (VIT).

Keywords:
Cross-reactive allergensDouble sensitivityHoneybee venom allergyHymenoptera anaphylaxisRecombinant diagnosticYellow jacket venom allergy

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Area of Science:

  • Allergen diagnostics
  • Immunotherapy
  • Insect venom allergy

Background:

  • Hymenoptera anaphylaxis is a significant cause of severe allergic reactions.
  • Accurate diagnosis of venom allergy is crucial before initiating venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT).
  • Component Resolved Diagnostics (CRD) have advanced allergen identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in Hymenoptera venom allergy diagnostics.
  • To highlight the role of new recombinant allergens in CRD.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of CRD in managing venom allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of novel insect venom allergens.
  • Development and application of commercially available recombinant allergens.
  • Utilizing CRD for sensitivity testing in Hymenoptera venom allergy.

Main Results:

  • New recombinant allergens enhance the detection of insect venom sensitivity.
  • Spiking yellow jacket venom (YJV) extract with Ves v 5 increased sensitivity by nearly 95%.
  • CRD aids in identifying culprit venoms in cases of double sensitivity (YJV and honey bee venom - HBV).
  • Predominant Api m 10 sensitization identified by CRD may indicate reduced protection with certain VIT extracts.
  • CRD has decreased the diagnostic gap for previously undetected Hymenoptera allergies.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant allergens have significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of Hymenoptera venom allergy.
  • Understanding interspecies protein similarities and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants is vital for accurate diagnosis.
  • CRD facilitates personalized allergy management and optimizes venom immunotherapy (VIT).