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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis
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Modiolar ossification in paediatric patients with auditory neuropathy.

L Wang1, Z Wang1, F Gao1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,China.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|May 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Paediatric patients with auditory neuropathy (AN) show increased modiolar ossification, a finding significant for cochlear implantation success. This CT scan finding aids in evaluating AN patients for auditory implants.

Keywords:
Auditory NeuropathyCochleaCochlear Implants

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroradiology
  • Pediatric Audiology

Background:

  • Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a condition affecting hearing in children.
  • Cochlear implantation is a treatment option for severe hearing loss.
  • Ossification of the modiolus may impact cochlear implant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on increased modiolar ossification in pediatric patients with AN.
  • To compare modiolar ossification between AN patients and those with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) undergoing cochlear implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series with a comparison group.
  • Seven pediatric patients with AN undergoing cochlear implantation.
  • Fifteen pediatric patients with SNHL as a comparison group.
  • Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scans analyzed for modiolar attenuation by a blinded neuroradiologist.

Main Results:

  • Modiolar attenuation values were significantly higher in AN patients (796.2 ± 53.0 HU) compared to SNHL patients (267.1 ± 45.6 HU).
  • The difference in modiolar attenuation was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients with AN meeting cochlear implantation criteria exhibit significantly increased modiolar attenuation on CT imaging.
  • This finding suggests increased ossification of the modiolus in this patient group.
  • Modiolar ossification may be a relevant factor in the pre-operative assessment of pediatric AN patients for cochlear implantation.