Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

3.3K
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
3.3K
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

929
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
929
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

4.0K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
4.0K
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

563
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
563
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

367
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
367
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

958
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
958

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sarcoidosis and Systemic Comorbidities: Sex-Related Differences in a Multicenter Italian Cohort.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026
Same author

Prevalence, Clinical and Functional Determinants of Chronic Hypoxemia and Respiratory Failure in Patients with Stable COPD.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Twelve-Month Real-World Outcomes of Tezepelumab in Severe Asthma: Clinical Remission, Biomarker Changes, and Trigger Burden-A SANI Multicenter Cohort.

Journal of personalized medicine·2026
Same author

Bone involvement in sarcoidosis: Insights from a multicentre Italian cohort.

Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG·2026
Same author

Should triple inhaled therapy be initiated earlier in the disease course of COPD to modify long-term outcomes, including mortality, exacerbations, and cardiovascular risk?

Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Pulmonary and cerebral damage in COVID-19 survivors: is there any association?

Annals of medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

10.6K

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and second-line pulmonary function tests to detect obstructive pattern in

Fabiano Di Marco1, Silvia Terraneo1, Sara Job1

  • 1Respiratory Unit, Ospedale San Paolo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Respiratory Medicine
|May 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Symptomatic smokers with borderline spirometry show pulmonary function abnormalities and ventilatory constraints during exercise, suggesting an obstructive pattern. Further testing is recommended for diagnosis and to clarify symptom mechanisms.

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary exercise testPulmonary function testsSmokers

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.4K
Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

10.6K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.4K
Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Symptomatic smokers without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) diagnosis may have activity limitations and airway disease.
  • Research is needed to understand pulmonary function in smokers with borderline spirometry.
  • These individuals may experience symptoms despite normal spirometry results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pulmonary function abnormalities at rest.
  • To assess ventilatory constraints during exercise in symptomatic smokers with borderline spirometry.
  • To determine if these individuals exhibit an obstructive pattern detectable by advanced testing.

Main Methods:

  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed on 48 subjects (16 healthy, 17 symptomatic smokers).
  • Additional tests included body plethysmography, nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW), DLCO, and forced oscillation technique (FOT).
  • Subjects with borderline spirometry had a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio between the 5th and 20th percentile of predicted values.

Main Results:

  • Symptomatic smokers exhibited reduced breathing reserve and exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation compared to healthy controls.
  • Higher residual volumes and increased phase 3 slope in N2SBW were observed in symptomatic smokers.
  • No significant differences were found in lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (DLCO) or FOT results between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and second-line pulmonary function tests can detect an obstructive pattern in smokers with borderline spirometry.
  • Referral for second-line testing is advised for diagnosis and to elucidate symptom mechanisms.
  • Further research should explore the natural history and optimal therapeutic strategies for these individuals.