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Aetiology of bilateral sensorineural deafness in children
1Department of Audiology, Speech Pathology and Education of the Deaf, Manchester University.
Insights
This study investigated 164 children for causes of hearing impairment, finding unknown causes (36.5%) and genetic factors (20.1%) most prevalent. Early identification of hearing loss etiology is crucial for intervention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hearing impairment in children can stem from various factors.
- Understanding the etiology is crucial for effective management and intervention.
- Previous studies have explored different causes, but regional data can vary.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiological factors contributing to hearing impairment in children born in Greater Manchester between 1981-1984.
- To categorize the causes of hearing impairment in a defined pediatric cohort.
- To provide data for understanding the distribution of hearing loss causes in a specific population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 164 children born between 1981-1984 in Greater Manchester were studied.
- Investigations included assessments for congenital infections and adverse perinatal factors.
- Family histories were collected, and relatives were examined for hearing impairment.
Main Results:
- The leading cause of hearing impairment was unknown (36.5%), followed by genetic factors (20.1%).
- Adverse perinatal factors accounted for 14.6%, congenital infections for 9.8%, and meningitis for 6.1%.
- Chromosomal abnormalities and syndromal groups each represented 3.7% of cases.
Conclusions:
- A significant proportion of childhood hearing impairment remains unexplained or has genetic origins.
- Comprehensive etiological investigation, including family history and perinatal factors, is essential.
- The findings highlight the diverse origins of hearing loss in children and inform public health strategies.
Abstract:
The study was carried out in children born during the four year period 1981-1984 in the Greater Manchester County. The children were investigated for possible congenital infections. Perinatal assessment was carried out for adverse aetiological factors. Family histories were obtained and parents and siblings were examined for any hearing impairment. A total of 164 cases were investigated. Various aetiological groups were formed which showed the following distribution: cause unknown 36.5 per cent; genetic group 20.1 per cent; adverse perinatal factors 14.6 per cent; congenital infections 9.8 per cent; meningitis 6.1 per cent; chromosomal abnormalities 3.7 per cent; syndromal group 3.7 per cent; and miscellaneous 5.5 per cent. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies.