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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Wnt Signaling in Normal and Malignant Stem Cells.

Dheeraj Bhavanasi1, Peter S Klein1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Current Stem Cell Reports
|May 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for stem cell functions and development. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives cancers, prompting research into Wnt inhibitors as therapies.

Keywords:
Canonical Wnt signalingGSK-3adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)colorectal cancerhematopoietic stem cellsmechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Wnt signaling is vital for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation is implicated in various cancers, including colorectal cancer and leukemia.
  • This pathway's role in both normal stem cell maintenance and cancer initiation is a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update findings on canonical Wnt signaling.
  • To explore the roles of Wnt signaling components in somatic stem cell homeostasis.
  • To examine the involvement of Wnt signaling in maintaining cancer-initiating cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of previous and recent studies.
  • Analysis of Wnt signaling pathways and their components.
  • Synthesis of information on stem cell biology and cancer biology.

Main Results:

  • Canonical Wnt signaling is essential for adult stem cell maintenance.
  • Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression.
  • Specific Wnt pathway components are critical for cancer stem cell populations.

Conclusions:

  • Canonical Wnt signaling is a fundamental pathway in development and adult stem cell biology.
  • Targeting Wnt signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for Wnt-driven cancers.
  • Further understanding of Wnt signaling in cancer stem cells may lead to improved treatments.