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Related Experiment Video

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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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The Interactive Origin of Iconicity.

Mónica Tamariz1, Seán G Roberts2,3, J Isidro Martínez4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University.

Cognitive Science
|May 16, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial languages show sound-symbolic iconicity, like the bouba-kiki effect, when used communicatively. Negotiation between speakers, not just individual innovation, drives the cultural evolution of these iconic language features.

Keywords:
Cultural evolutionIconicityIterated learning

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Evolutionary Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Iconicity, the non-arbitrary relationship between linguistic form and meaning, is a debated aspect of language evolution.
  • The bouba-kiki effect demonstrates a cross-modal, sound-symbolic mapping between speech sounds and visual shapes.
  • Understanding the emergence of iconicity in artificial languages provides insights into natural language origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of the bouba-kiki effect in miniature artificial languages.
  • To compare the development of iconicity under communicative versus reproductive language use constraints.
  • To explore the role of social interaction and negotiation in establishing sound-symbolic conventions.

Main Methods:

  • An iterated learning experiment with human participants was conducted over six generations.
  • Two conditions were implemented: a communicative game (dyads) and a reproduction game (individuals).
  • Participants created and transmitted words for visual shapes, followed by naive judge ratings of iconicity.

Main Results:

  • In the communication condition, words for spiky shapes were rated as significantly more spiky than words for round shapes.
  • This sound-symbolic mapping (iconicity) did not emerge in the reproduction-only condition.
  • Results indicate that communicative interaction and negotiation are crucial for developing iconicity.

Conclusions:

  • Communicative use and interlocutor negotiation are key drivers for the emergence of sound-symbolic iconicity in artificial languages.
  • Iconicity arises from cultural evolution through social interaction, not solely from individual innovations.
  • Findings support a model of language evolution driven by random mutation and selection via communicative pressures.