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Head motion can confound diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Tightly matched groups reveal white matter differences, suggesting true anomalies exist in ASD despite motion artifacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Background:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report altered white matter integrity, indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased diffusivity (MD, RD).
  • Head motion during MRI scans is a significant confounder in DTI analyses, potentially distorting group comparisons between ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of head motion matching on DTI findings comparing ASD and TD groups.
  • To determine if motion reduction strategies reveal or obscure true white matter differences in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared DTI measures (FA, MD, RD) between 57 ASD and 50 TD participants across three motion-matching stringency levels: full sample (FS), quality-controlled (QC), and quantitatively-matched (QM).
  • Utilized Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography for group comparisons.
  • Evaluated two diffusivity estimation methods: dti-fit and restore.

Main Results:

  • Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) revealed reduced FA in ASD in the full sample, an effect diminished with stricter motion matching (QC, QM).
  • Probabilistic tractography in the quantitatively-matched (QM) subset showed significantly higher mean diffusivity (MD) overall and radial diffusivity (RD) in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in ASD.
  • Effect sizes for some white matter anomalies increased with stringent motion matching, suggesting robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Previously reported DTI findings in ASD may be influenced by head motion artifacts.
  • Stringent motion control and matching in DTI studies are crucial for accurately identifying white matter tract anomalies in ASD.
  • Tract-specific white matter differences likely exist in ASD, particularly evident with rigorous motion control.