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Primary Immunization of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in the Pediatric Population: What Is the Verdict Now?
Aubrey N Jones1, Jenna W Bartlett2, Rebecca A Bates3
11 Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Insights
A 2-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series for individuals younger than 15 years is effective. Recommendations support a 2-dose schedule for Gardasil 9® in males and females aged 9-14.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- The optimal dosing schedule for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in older children requires further definition.
- Existing literature on 2-dose HPV vaccination series for adolescents is reviewed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the safety and efficacy of 2-dose HPV vaccination regimens.
- To review recommendations for 2vHPV, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV vaccines in males and females under 15.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of prospective trials evaluating 2-dose HPV vaccine immunogenicity.
- Inclusion of data from ongoing clinical trials for 9vHPV.
- Summary of recommendations from major health organizations.
Main Results:
- A 2-dose series of Gardasil 9® is widely accepted for males and females aged 9-14 years.
- Vaccine doses should be separated by 6 to 12 months.
- Regulatory and health organizations provide guidance on HPV vaccine scheduling.
Conclusions:
- The 2-dose HPV vaccination schedule is a viable and recommended option for adolescents.
- Consistent dosing intervals are important for vaccine efficacy.
- Adherence to expert recommendations ensures optimal public health outcomes.
Abstract:
The safety and efficacy of a 2-dose series for the human papillomavirus vaccines rather than a 3-dose series in older children has not been well defined. This article reviews the literature summarizing the use of all 3 HPV vaccines (2vHPV, 4vHPV, 9vHPV) as a 2-dose series for females and 4vHPV and 9vHPV for males younger than 15 years. Six prospective trials evaluating immunogenicity of a 2-dose series of 2vHPV and/or 4vHPV, as well as an ongoing prospective clinical trial for 9vHPV, are discussed. The 2-dose series with Gardasil 9® in both males and females ages 9 to 14 years appears to be the most widely accepted recommendation. The exact time schedule between the 2 vaccines varies among studies, but it seems that they should be separated by 6 to 12 months. Federal and world-wide organizations' (ie, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, and World Health Organization) opinions and recommendations on the appropriate scheduling of the vaccines are also highlighted.
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