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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Early life factors that affect allergy development.

Lisa A Reynolds1,2, B Brett Finlay1,3,4

  • 1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|May 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors in early life are increasingly linked to rising allergy rates in industrialized nations. Understanding these exposures is key to preventing allergic sensitization and promoting immune tolerance.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Allergic disease incidence is rising globally, particularly in industrialized countries.
  • Altered environmental factors over the past 50 years are suspected drivers of this increase.
  • Early life environmental exposures are critical in shaping immune system development and allergy risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking specific early life exposures to allergy development.
  • To discuss mechanisms by which these exposures influence immune tolerance or sensitization.
  • To provide insights into preventing the rise of allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on allergy trends.
  • Evaluation of studies on early life environmental exposures and immune outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Certain early life environmental exposures significantly modify the risk of developing allergies.
  • Specific exposures can promote immune tolerance, while others lead to allergic sensitization.
  • The timing and nature of exposures are crucial determinants of immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Early life environment plays a pivotal role in allergy development.
  • Interventions targeting early life exposures may reduce the burden of allergic diseases.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate protective and risk-promoting mechanisms.