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Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...

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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

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Published on: April 21, 2011

Neuronal Migration and AUTS2 Syndrome.

Kei Hori¹, Mikio Hoshino²

¹Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan. khori@ncnp.go.jp.

|May 16, 2017

Summary

The Autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene is crucial for brain development, regulating neuronal migration. Disruptions in AUTS2 function can lead to psychiatric disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.

Keywords:

AUTS2 syndrome Autism PRC1 Rac1 cytoskeleton intellectual disabilities neuritogenesis neuronal migration

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Neuronal migration is essential for forming a functional brain.
Disorganized neuronal migration is linked to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and epilepsy.
The precise mechanisms linking abnormal neuronal migration to mental dysfunction remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of the Autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene in neuronal migration.
To explore how AUTS2's dual functions contribute to brain development and psychiatric disorders.
To synthesize current knowledge on AUTS2 from genetic, molecular, developmental, and behavioral perspectives.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on AUTS2 gene and protein.
Analysis of studies focusing on AUTS2's role in neuronal migration and brain development.
Examination of data from human genetics, molecular biology, and animal models.

Main Results:

The AUTS2 gene is identified as a key regulator of neuronal migration.
AUTS2 protein exhibits dual functions: cytoplasmic regulation of actin cytoskeleton for migration and neurite extension, and nuclear control of gene transcription as part of the polycomb complex 1 (PRC1).
Dysregulation of AUTS2 is implicated in the pathology of various psychiatric diseases.

Conclusions:

AUTS2 plays a critical role in ensuring proper neuronal migration during brain development.
Understanding AUTS2's molecular functions provides new insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Further research into AUTS2 is vital for understanding brain development and associated mental dysfunctions.