The herpes viral transcription factor ICP4 forms a novel DNA recognition complex
Richard B Tunnicliffe1, Michael P Lockhart-Cairns2,3, Colin Levy1
1Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
Herpes simplex virus ICP4 protein uses a novel homo-dimeric fold and an intrinsically disordered region to bind DNA. This dual recognition mechanism enhances viral gene expression and infection control.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Virology
- Structural biology
Background:
- The herpes simplex virus ICP4 protein is crucial for regulating viral gene expression.
- Understanding ICP4's DNA binding mechanism is key to controlling viral infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the structural basis of ICP4's DNA binding.
- To investigate the role of different ICP4 domains in DNA recognition.
Main Methods:
- X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of ICP4-DNA complex.
- Solution studies including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and surface-plasmon resonance (SPR).
Main Results:
- Revealed a novel homo-dimeric fold for the ICP4 DNA binding domain.
- Demonstrated that both the globular domain and an intrinsically disordered region of ICP4 recognize DNA.
- Showed synergistic binding of these regions to adjacent DNA motifs, explaining the bipartite consensus sequence.
Conclusions:
- ICP4 employs a bipartite DNA recognition strategy, combining a globular domain and a disordered region.
- This mechanism enhances DNA binding affinity and specificity, similar to eukaryotic transcription factors.
- Provides insights into viral gene regulation and potential therapeutic targets.
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