Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.6K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.6K
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

41.8K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.8K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

6.8K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
6.8K
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

430
Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
430
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.3K
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

744
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
744

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Divergent signaling profiles in mTOR gain-of-function Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS) and TSC2 deficiency.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Intracellular potassium levels orchestrate circadian rhythmicity and cell division.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Small Molecule Regulation of CLOCK:BMAL1 DNA Binding Activity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

An unrecognized host response to microbial exposure resets circadian timing.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

It's about time-Circadian rhythms and the temporal control of biology.

FEBS letters·2026
Same author

Oligomerization of PER2 as a dynamic mode of regulation of the mammalian circadian clock.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.5K

A Slow Conformational Switch in the BMAL1 Transactivation Domain Modulates Circadian Rhythms.

Chelsea L Gustafson1, Nicole C Parsley1, Hande Asimgil1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

Molecular Cell
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) protein

Keywords:
NMR spectroscopycircadian rhythmscyclophilinscyclosporin Aproline isomerizationtranscriptional activation

More Related Videos

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.9K
Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

23.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.5K
Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.9K
Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

23.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of BMAL1 is crucial for regulating the mammalian circadian clock.
  • This domain acts as a hub for transcriptional coactivators and repressors, influencing circadian period determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic conformational states of the BMAL1 TAD.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which these states control circadian timing.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of distinct conformational states within the BMAL1 TAD.
  • Analysis of cis/trans isomerization about a conserved Trp-Pro imide bond.
  • Investigating the role of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases in regulating BMAL1 dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct conformational states of the BMAL1 TAD were identified, which slowly interconvert.
  • This binary switch mechanism is driven by cis/trans isomerization of a Trp-Pro imide bond.
  • Locking the switch to the trans isomer resulted in shortened circadian periods.
  • Isomerization is modulated by cyclophilin family peptidyl-prolyl isomerases.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic conformational states and isomerization of the BMAL1 TAD are key to circadian period determination.
  • Isomerization influences the assembly of regulatory complexes.
  • BMAL1 protein dynamics offer a potential regulatory point for circadian timing.