Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Pavle Randjelovic1, Slavimir Veljkovic1, Nenad Stojiljkovic1
1University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Niš, Serbia.
EXCLI Journal
|May 17, 2017
Summary
Gentamicin, an antibiotic, can cause kidney damage (nephrotoxicity). While dosage changes reduced risks, its exact damage mechanism remains unclear, requiring further research into kidney metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Kidneys are susceptible to drug-induced damage due to high blood flow.
- Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is a primary cause of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
- Despite reduced incidence via once-daily dosing and risk factor elimination, gentamicin remains associated with significant adverse effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on gentamicin nephrotoxicity mechanisms.
- To highlight the need for a deeper understanding of kidney gentamicin metabolism.
- To explore future research directions using novel biomedical techniques.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental results and scientific literature over the past 20 years.
- Analysis of established morphological, biochemical, and functional changes in the kidney.
- Examination of gentamicin's role as a model for nephrotoxicity research.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been made in describing gentamicin-induced kidney damage.
- The gentamicin nephrotoxicity model is widely adopted in research.
- Despite extensive study, the precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
Conclusions:
- Gentamicin nephrotoxicity, while studied extensively, still presents an unfinished story.
- New biomedical technologies offer opportunities to re-evaluate existing knowledge and uncover novel insights.
- Further investigation into kidney gentamicin metabolism is crucial for mitigating its adverse effects.
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