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Patient mortality following alcohol use and trauma: a propensity-matched analysis
1Department of Surgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA. Nasim.Ahmed@hackensackmeridian.org.
Summary
Trauma patients testing positive for alcohol did not show a significant reduction in mortality or hospital stay. This study analyzed blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in trauma cases.
Area of Science:
- Trauma care and emergency medicine
- Toxicology and pharmacology
- Public health and epidemiology
Background:
- Alcohol consumption is a common factor in trauma cases.
- Understanding the impact of alcohol on trauma outcomes is crucial for patient management.
- Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding alcohol's effect on trauma mortality and morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare mortality rates and hospital length of stay between trauma patients with and without alcohol presence.
- To investigate the clinical significance of a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a large trauma patient cohort.
- To identify demographic and clinical differences between alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative trauma patients.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2010).
- Included adult patients (≥14 years) with blunt or penetrating injuries, complete SBP and HR, treated at Level 1 or 2 trauma centers.
- Defined alcohol-positive as BAC ≥0.08 g/dL; employed Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, logistic regression, propensity score matching, and paired analysis.
Main Results:
- Of 279,460 patients, 92,960 (approx. one-third) tested positive for alcohol.
- Alcohol-negative patients exhibited higher mortality (4.3% vs. 3.1%) and longer hospital stays (4 vs. 3 days) in initial analysis (P < 0.001).
- After propensity score matching, no significant difference in mortality (3.1% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.035) or hospital length of stay (median 3 vs. 4 days, P = 0.84) was observed.
Conclusions:
- Trauma patients testing positive for alcohol did not experience a clinically significant reduction in mortality.
- There was no significant difference in total hospital length of stay between alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative trauma patients.
- The findings suggest that alcohol's presence at the time of injury does not confer a survival advantage or prolonged hospitalization in trauma patients.
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