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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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[Local anaesthesia in ruminants].

Karl Nuss1, Andrea Schwarz, Simone Ringer

  • 1Prof. Dr. Karl Nuss, Departement für Nutztiere (Nutztierchirurgie), Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Schweiz,

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local anesthesia offers a safe, cost-effective method for field surgeries in ruminants, often replacing general anesthesia. This guide details common techniques for veterinarians, applicable to cattle and small ruminants.

Keywords:
Analgesiainfiltration anaesthesialocal anaestheticregional anaesthesia

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Local anesthesia provides pain-free, efficient, and economical surgical options for ruminants in field settings.
  • It can be a viable alternative to general anesthesia for procedures like castration and claw amputation when combined with sedation and immobilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical, illustrated guide to common local anesthetic techniques in cattle and small ruminants.
  • To serve as a field reference for veterinarians performing surgical procedures on ruminants.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of various local anesthetic techniques, categorizing them by difficulty.
  • Detailed descriptions and illustrations of common procedures.
  • Discussion of applicability to other ruminant species and artiodactyls.

Main Results:

  • Local infiltration and cornual nerve blocks are identified as simpler techniques.
  • Ocular, limb, and umbilical anesthesia are presented as more complex procedures.
  • The guide covers techniques applicable to both cattle and small ruminants.

Conclusions:

  • Local anesthesia is a versatile tool for field surgery in ruminants, enhancing animal welfare and cost-effectiveness.
  • Veterinarians can utilize this guide to confidently perform a range of local anesthetic procedures.
  • The techniques described are adaptable for broader application within the artiodactyl order.