Primary Ewing sarcoma of the kidney: a case report and treatment review

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Oncology
• Nephrology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET) of the kidney are rare, high-grade malignant neoplasms.
• These tumors present a poor prognosis, with scarce established treatment guidelines.
• A multi-modality treatment approach is typically employed for kidney ES.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of a 14-year-old female with recurrent ES of the right kidney.
• To detail the treatment experience and outcomes.
• To review the available literature on kidney ES management.

Main Methods:

• Surgical nephrectomy followed by chemotherapy for recurrent disease.
• Chemotherapy regimen included vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide.
• Tumor size reduction assessed via computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Main Results:

• Chemotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in tumor size (approximately 96%).
• Initial tumor dimensions were 18.5 × 11.3 cm², reduced to 3.7 × 2.2 cm².
• The patient's response to the chemotherapy regimen was substantial.

Conclusions:

• Multi-modality treatment, including chemotherapy, can be effective for recurrent ES of the kidney.
• Vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide demonstrate significant efficacy in reducing tumor burden.
• Further research and case reports are needed to establish optimal treatment protocols for kidney ES.