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Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: A Review of Pathogenesis, Presentations, Treatment, and Outcomes

Aasim Afzal1, Syed Sarmast2, James W Choi3

  • 1Baylor University Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Dallas, TX; Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|May 17, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of sudden cardiac death. This review covers SCAD

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an under-recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding SCAD's epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • No established clinical guidelines exist for SCAD management.

Observation:

  • Presents three distinct cases of SCAD with varied clinical presentations.
  • Details the diverse management strategies employed for these SCAD cases.
  • Reviews the clinical features, epidemiology, and prognosis of SCAD.

Findings:

  • SCAD is a significant, though rare, contributor to acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death.
  • Clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for SCAD are highly variable.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate SCAD's full spectrum and optimize patient outcomes.

Implications:

  • Highlights the need for increased recognition and understanding of SCAD among clinicians.
  • Emphasizes the importance of tailored, individualized management approaches for SCAD patients.
  • Underscores the necessity for developing evidence-based guidelines for SCAD diagnosis and treatment.

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