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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...

Redox Equilibria: Overview

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Published on: June 21, 2021

Thiol redox biochemistry: insights from computer simulations.

Ari Zeida¹, Carlos M Guardia¹, Pablo Lichtig¹

¹Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Biophysical Reviews

|May 17, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atomistic simulations offer microscopic insights into thiol redox reactions, crucial for physiological processes. This review covers simulations of cysteine protonation, thiol oxidation, disulfide bond formation, and nitrosothiol reactions.

Keywords:

Computer simulations Oxidation Redox homeostasis Thiols

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Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

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Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

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Published on: June 21, 2021

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 24, 2012

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Chemical Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Thiol redox reactions are vital in physiological processes, involving low-molecular-weight thiols and protein cysteine residues.
Thiol reactivity is highly sensitive to environmental factors, necessitating advanced simulation techniques for detailed understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of classical and quantum-mechanical atomistic simulations in thiol redox biochemistry.
To provide microscopic insights into key thiol redox reactions relevant to biological systems.

Main Methods:

Application of classical atomistic simulation tools.
Utilization of quantum-mechanical atomistic simulation tools.

Main Results:

Review of simulations investigating cysteine protonation states in proteins.
Analysis of two-electron oxidation of thiols by agents like hydroperoxides and hypochlorous acid.
Examination of disulfide bond formation, thiol-disulfide exchange, sulfenamide, nitrosothiol formation, and one-electron oxidation pathways.

Conclusions:

Atomistic simulations are powerful tools for elucidating the mechanisms and kinetics of thiol redox reactions.
Understanding these reactions is critical for various biological and regulatory functions.