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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Imaging mass spectrometry: principle and application.

Chihiro Murayama1, Yoshishige Kimura2, Mitsutoshi Setou1

  • 1Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.

Biophysical Reviews
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) visualizes biomolecule distribution without separation. This technique, particularly using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), is expanding beyond proteins to metabolites and drug studies.

Keywords:
ImagingImaging mass spectrometry (IMS)Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)Principal component analysis (PCA)Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS)

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) provides spatial distribution of biomolecules.
  • It bypasses the need for molecule separation or purification.
  • Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a common ionization technique for IMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the capabilities and expanding applications of IMS.
  • To emphasize the importance of matrix selection in MALDI-IMS.
  • To introduce tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) for structural analysis in IMS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing two-dimensional mass spectrometry for molecular imaging.
  • Employing matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for biomolecule analysis.
  • Incorporating tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) for structural elucidation.

Main Results:

  • IMS enables simultaneous identification and localization of numerous molecules.
  • MALDI-IMS successfully analyzes biomolecules across a wide range of molecular weights.
  • Applications have broadened from proteins/peptides to lipids, drug pharmacokinetics, and disease markers.

Conclusions:

  • IMS is a powerful tool for visualizing biomolecular spatial distribution.
  • The versatility of IMS supports diverse research areas in life sciences.
  • IMS is poised to advance biophysics and related fields.